Herbal remedies in post-COVID trauma: a systematic review

The world has faced huge challenges throughout the endemic of COVID-19. The survivors of Covid too are facing health difficulties. The non-availability of specific treatments made researchers search for all the possible treatment regimens including traditional medicines. India has the greatest culture of Ayurveda. Indian government's AYUSH ministry has granted permission for use of ancient systems of medicine for treatment of some of the COVID-19 cases, especially which are not at advanced stages. Along with this certain reports are there which have shown the positive outcomes of Ayurvedic treatment of COVID-19. However, it is more beneficial to build the immune system of the host from a large population and its health perspective to avoid widespread infection and control the potency of the infectious viral particles. A vaccine can offer protection by boosting specific immunity in the host at the same time non-specific ways to improve host immunity are suggestible. This has carved a path for the use of ancient Indian therapeutic methods such as Ayurveda and Yoga. Although there are many general articles where the home remedies have suggested but, more scientific references are required to document the ayurvedic medicines for Covid related ailments. In this review, an attempt is made to organize available evidences of usefulness of Ayurveda, Yoga, in COVID-19.

Vision-based Monitoring of Student Attentiveness in an E-Learning Environment

Due to the global spread of COVID-19, the world's educational institutions had been ordered to close. As a direct result of this, the time-tested method of acquiring knowledge by visiting classes is gradually being replaced by online education. In virtual classrooms, teachers had difficulty detecting student postures and determining whether or not students were comprehending the material. This research suggests using a computationally efficient method based on computer vision and machine learning to determine the attention levels of e-learning students. The method extracts characteristics using HoG and SIFT. Using K-means and PCA, the resulting feature vector is optimized for dimension reduction. The attentiveness is classified using the classifiers Decision Tree, KNN, Random Forest, and SVM. Random Forest yielded the best accuracy at 99.2% with a dataset of 15000 images. © 2022 IEEE.

A Softcomputing Approach for Predicting and Categorising Learner’s Performance Using Fuzzy Model

Covid-19: a pandemic situation in the world gives a turning point to education system and it becomes e-education. E-learning is emerging trend in digital era and empowerment of this trend is necessary. Traditional education system trying to adopt this new method of teaching and learning. But only teaching and learning is not sufficient in education system. We have to focus on learner and the environmental impact on them. Traditional education system unable to resolve all the issues arises due to obstacles such as understanding ability, thinking, mood, concentration etc. Proposed research work focusing on designing, developing and modelling of soft computing decision making model for solving real life problems and learners capability in education system. This research work uses Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) which is one of the applications in MATLAB software, for analysing learners result from obtained score and other factors related to environment. It also predict the learner which is helpful in e-learning. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

A Cross Sectional Study of Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic Among Healthcare Workers

Introduction: January 31, 2020, WHO declared the COVID-19 crisis as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” Continuous surge in the number of confirmed cases throughout the world led to a sharp decline in the global health, economic development, and also affected social stability because of requirement of strict quarantine measures. As the cases increased around the globe and also in the country it started creating a psychological impact on healthcare workers. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study with sample size 222, which was conducted for the duration of 1 year among healthcare workers (consultant doctors, PG resident doctors, intern doctors, nursing staff, technicians) across Maharashtra through Google Forms and manually through direct contacts. Forms were circulated through digital medium and various social media platforms. Forms consisted of general demographic data along with semi-structured proforma to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers using Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: Total 222 participants which comprised of 54% Consultant Doctors, 30% Resident doctors, 8% interns, 6% nursing staff and 2% technicians were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 30.59 years. Out of 122 participants 32% Consultant Doctors were found to have signs and symptoms related to stress, 33% had symptoms suggesting depression and 37% had symptoms related to anxiety, 31% of Resident Doctors, were found to have signs and symptoms related to stress, 40 % had symptoms suggesting depression and 31% of the participants were having symptoms related to anxiety. 56% Interns were found to have signs and symptoms related to stress, 88% had symptoms suggesting depression and 56% of the participants were having symptoms related to anxiety. 16% of Nursing Staff were found to have signs and symptoms related to stress, 41% had symptoms suggesting depression and 50% of participants were found to have symptoms related to anxiety Conclusion: There were symptoms found which was pointing towards presence of various levels of Depression, Stress and Anxiety amongst the COVID-19 Pandemic Healthcare workers. Further it is the need of the hour to address these psychological impacts at the earliest to ensure a smooth & efficient functioning of the healthcare system.

AN INSIGHT INTO PRIVILEGED SCAFFOLDS IN TUBERCULOSIS: DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPLICATIONS IN DRUG DESIGN

Tuberculosis remains a major threat to mankind, becoming more deadly due to COVID-19 pandemic. The worldwide scenario is daunted by additional factors such as drug resistance, non-adherence and complexity of the treatment. To overcome these obstacles, there is a constant need for novel drug development. However, drug development is an extensive process in itself requiring enormous financial investment and is time-consuming with a low success rate. A viable alternative to circumvent these complications is to explore ‘privileged scaffold/s’. Further logical approaches would be to study the privileged scaffold/s which materialize in the clinical pipeline of the disease. The present review summarizes clinically important privileged scaffolds explored in tuberculosis, namely, aryl quinolines, nitroheterocycles and oxazolidinones. Various developmental aspects have been reviewed along with the structural, pharmacological and physicochemical investigations as may be relevant. The understandings gained would thereby help in envisaging suitable structural modifications of these scaffolds for development of promising leads. © 2022 Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association. All rights reserved.

Process-based diagnostics of extreme pollution trail using numerical modelling during fatal second COVID-19 wave in the Indian capital.

The world's worst outbreak, the second COVID-19 wave, not only unleashed unprecedented devastation of human life, but also made an impact of lockdown in the Indian capital, New Delhi, in particulate matter (PM: PM2.5 and PM10) virtually ineffective during April to May 2021. The air quality remained not only unabated but also was marred by some unusual extreme pollution events. SAFAR-framework model simulations with different sensitivity experiments were conducted using the newly developed lockdown emission inventory to understand various processes responsible for these anomalies in PM. Model results well captured the magnitude and variations of the observed PM before and after the lockdown but significantly underestimated their levels in the initial period of lockdown followed by the first high pollution event when the mortality counts were at their peak (∼400 deaths/day). It is believed that an unaccounted emission source was playing a leading role after balancing off the impact of curtailed lockdown emissions. The model suggests that the unprecedented surge in PM10 (690 µg/m3) on May 23, 2021, though Delhi was still under lockdown, was associated with large-scale dust transport originating from the north west part of India combined with the thunderstorm. The rainfall and local dust lifting played decisive roles in other unusual events. Obtained results and the proposed interpretation are likely to enhance our understanding and envisaged to help policymakers to frame suitable strategies in such kinds of emergencies in the future.

Active learning approach for online teaching of Engine Design course

Covid-19 has appealed to teachers around the world to adopt a new era of online teaching-learning methods instead of traditional teaching methods. It is a challenge for teachers to engage students in the learning process and measure outcomes with proper tools. The use of online platforms forced every teacher to redesign teaching strategies. A teacher has to think about online learning platforms and design instructional strategies. Different tools are available to make online learning interactive. The selection and application of tools is a skill of the individual teacher. In the present work, outcomes of the course Engine Design (ED) are mentioned. The course is taught online using the MS-Teams platform. During course delivery, various instructional strategies like, Games, quizzes, Discussion forums, Polls, etc. are used. Outcomes, of course, taught using an online platform and active learning tools (batch 2020-21) are measured using attainment of course outcomes CO’s and course end survey (CES). A combination of active learning techniques with online teaching is helpful to deliver the subject effectively. The CO attainment and CES indicate improvement in student communication, perspective thinking, design and modeling skills. © 2022, Rajarambapu Institute Of Technology. All rights reserved.

Economical and wearable pulse oximeter using IoT

In this paper, we are presenting economical and wearable pulse oximeter device using sparkfun oximeter sensor and raspberry pi v2 model B. Nowadays whole world is facing COVID-19 pandemic from December 2091 and in corona patient blood oxygen level is goes down due to attack of virus on lungs. In this scenario economical and easy to use pulse oximeter is life saving device. To control pandemic;early detection of patients are important. We have presented easy to develop oximeter in this paper. We have connected sensor to Arduino uno using I2C protocol and using serial communication data is sent do raspberry pi using USB serial communication. We have achieved over 90% accuracy when result are compare with commercial health band. We also did comparative study with other sensor and we found that sparkfun sensor gives more accurate and quick results. Data visualization is implemented using python library. This device can be used as health band or for covid-19 patient monitoring using remotely. © 2021 IEEE.

3D-printed snorkel mask adapter for failed N95 fit tests and personal protective equipment shortages

Personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages persist amidst increasing COVID-19 caseloads. These shortages encouraged some to pursue 3D printing to produce stopgap N95 alternatives. The design presented is an adapter for a commercially available snorkel mask to serve as a full-face respirator, used in dire PPE shortages or in individuals who failed fit testing. Masks were fit tested at The University of Kansas Health System in Kansas City, KS. The mask was fit tested on 22 individuals who previously failed fit testing, and all passed qualitative fit testing with the snorkel mask, adapter and viral filter apparatus. The authors endorse this design as a stopgap measure, proven to be effective in situations of dire PPE shortage or for individuals who have failed fit testing with conventional PPE.

A study to assess anxiety and coping strategies adopted by the students regarding education during COVID-19 lockdown

Background: COVID-19 is world-wide concern affecting the educational institute (EIs). This widespread drive to a strong reaction among the student involvement facing anxiety. Objectives: This cross-sectional study is designed to inspect student’s anxiety and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Results displays that students are retained with anxiety and consciousness. Nontherapeutic preventive measures were discern as efficient method. Students were pleased with the government’s response to alleviate dilemmas. Although, a reluctant view with online-teaching learning access was noted. Conclusions: Students used enormous ways to adopt the situation mentally and physically. It’s important to abide student’s insanity during this COVID-19 Widespread. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

Challenges faced by working population during lockdown in response to corona virus outbreak

COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented social and health challenges on the working-class population in India and across the globe. To mitigate the spread of the virus all the state and central government in India imposed lockdown in the society over the weeks or, in some cases months. This lockdown has made a severe impact on the physical, psychological, financial, and social conditions of the people. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of lockdown amongst people on their personal life, work life and health conditions. Independent survey was conducted to collect the descriptive statistics from 120 participants. Majority of the participants expressed that their life become difficult in lockdown. There is big challenge observed for women to manage children under 10 years of age. Work from home pattern was found favourable for those who are using computer and internet. Many participants were stressful and fearful as their job is at stake due to heavy financial loss to their employing organization. We have applied chi square test to find out association and it was found that age and gender is not significantly associated with facing challenges while other demographic factors are significantly associated. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

A study to assess the knowledge regarding corona virus and its management among the people residing in pune city

Background: Assessment of public general knowledge on coronavirus and its management is essential to develop health policies for segregating the spread of disease. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding Coronavirus among the people residing in Pune city. To identify its predicators Respiratory Syndrome due to Coronavirus. Methods: A survey designed was conducted during April-May 2020, whereas adult (≥ 18 years old) the people residing in pune city were included in the study. Non probablity convience sampling technique was used. Data was collected by structured questionnaire. Data was processed and analyzed in descriptive and infrential way. Results: A total 60 samples were recruited (age range18-30 years) the majorities were male and 45% were university graduate students. Among all interviewees 35% believed that the disease transmission can occurs through infected birds and animals. As a result the disease has no specific treatment was known by 45% and 20% of them denied any role of traditional medicines in preventions and treatment of disease? Participants had satisfactory knowledge about the disease and its management were.Conclusions: Although effort done by health professionals in city to educate the people and to expand their awareness about disease, there is knowledge deficit among local public. Future planning and educational interventions should focus on people and those who have educational background below the university level. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 lockdown and air quality of SAFAR-India metro cities

A drastic decline in the sources of emissions of pollutants under COVID-19 induced lockdown resulted in an unprecedented trends in most hazardous pollutants PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in India. To realize the impact of lockdown in the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, we compared the trend of lockdown period (20nd March to 15th April) with several (3–7) years of past data in four Indian mega cities (Delhi, Pune, Mumbai, and Ahmedabad) of different micro-climate and geography. The significant reduction in the concentrations of NO2 in the ranges of ~60–65% is noticed in four megacities within the lockdown period when compared with the averaged data of past years. However, relatively low reduction in PM2.5 (~25–50%) and PM10 (~36–50%) is observed and city to city variation is found to be significant. The prevailing secondary aerosol formation and enhancement of any natural source of emissions could be some factors preventing PM2.5 levels to go down significantly. Under near negligible fossil fuel emission, contrary to the expectation, an increase in the ratio as compared to normal scenario is observed in Delhi on some days whereas on some selected days, PM2.5/PM10 ratio is found to decline significantly.

Towards baseline air pollution under COVID-19: implication for chronic health and policy research for Delhi, India

The Megacity of Delhi, home to 19 million inhabitants, is infamous for its poor air quality mainly due to anthropogenic emissions. While the COVID-19 pandemic is a health emergency, lockdown due to it saw an unprecedented decline in emission sources of pollutants by ~85%-90% in Delhi, resulting in sharp decline in the concentration of majority of pollutants. Here we report the experimental estimate of baseline level that is defined as the minimum level reached after lockdown under consistent fair weather condi-tion of major criteria pollutants. This may be consi-dered as an indicator of the background levels to which the population is chronically exposed. The con-sequences of such chronic air pollution exposure are excess respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which are reported to be more serious than severe pollution episodes by epidemiologists. As the lockdown which was imposed on 24 March 2020, was extended during April and May, we present the pre-vailing ambient pollution levels and compare them with the baseline levels. Results are based on India’s largest monitoring network of 34 stations in Delhi. The findings are critical for policymakers to fine-tune ambient air quality standards and regulations leading to the development of effective risk management poli-cies and control strategies. © 2020. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 and environmental -weather markers: Unfolding baseline levels and veracity of linkages in tropical India.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe due to its contagion nature. We hereby report the baseline permanent levels of two most toxic air pollutants in top ranked mega cities of India. This could be made possible for the first time due to the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdown emission scenario. The study also unfolds the association of COVID-19 with different environmental and weather markers. Although there are numerous confounding factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline PM2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be considered as one of the critical factors. The COVID-19 morbidity is found to be moderately anti-correlated with maximum temperature during the pandemic period (-56%). Findings although preliminary but provide a first line of information for epidemiologists and may be useful for the development of effective health risk management policies.